Racial Profiling Essay Example for Free

Racial Profiling Essay Racial profiling has been a very heated issue from past few years. Race and location are the dominant characteristics authorities look at when engaging in this type of profiling. The undeniable pattern of race-based stops by police is a dilemma that millions of African-American and Latino-American motorists regularly encounter on this countrys highways. This phenomenon has been sardonically dubbed as being pulled over for DWB (Driving While Black or Brown). This play on words of DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) refers to the commonly employed police practice of using an alleged traffic violation as a pretext to stop any black or Hispanic motorist they suspect of being involved in criminal activity unrelated to driving. These officers have no legal cause for carrying out the stop besides enforcing traffic regulations. Being subjected to a DWB stop is, according to House Representative John Conyers Jr., an experience that virtually every African-American male has been subjected to. (American Civil Liberties Union online). However, when someone says that there is a difference between white and black people, everyone is afraid they may offend someone, or come across as a racist. The basic fact is there are differences between races. Every race is different is some way, not white or black people. This is not to say that one race is better or should be treated better It is saying there is a difference for example; each race has its own cultural background, which can cause language barriers. Also different races have different views on how things should be done and this can cause conflicts locally or nationally. Although some observers claim that racial profiling doesnt exist, there is a plenty of stories and statistics that document the practice. One case where law enforcement officers were particularly bold in their declaration of intent involved U.S. Forest Service officers in Californias Mendocino National Forest last year. In an attempt to stop marijuana growing, forest rangers were told to question all  Hispanics whose cars were stopped, regardless of whether pot was actually found in their vehicles. The practice of racial profiling has been a prominent topic for the past several years. In this February address to Congress, President George W. Bush reported that he had asked Attorney General John Ashcroft to develop specific recommendations to end racial profiling. Its wrong, and we will end it in America. (The Myth of Racial Profiling online.) Minorities are not only more likely to be stopped than whites, but they are also often pressured to allow searches of their vehicles, and they are more likely to allow such searches. Once the police officer has legally stopped the vehicle, the harm of being discriminated against unfortunately does not end. Besides being subjected to unwanted delay, the officer now has the opportunity to investigate for evidence of criminal activity completely separate and unrelated to the traffic violation. The entire interior of the car is now exposed to the eyes of the officer, allowing him to discover and seize any objects that are potentially incriminating within his plain view. If a legal arrest of the driver can be made, the arresting officer is justified to conduct a full-fledged body Search  of the motorist and the entire interior of the car. However, in the majority of cases, the police officer is unable to view anything criminal in plain view or able to find a legal justification for arresting the driver based on the traffic violation. But the probing nature of the officers investigation does not end here. The officer does not issue a ticket or warning and allow the driver to go, but he will attempt to obtain consent from the driver to search. Although drivers are under no legal obligation to consent, many still do. Motorists simply arent fully aware that they can refuse. The Constitution does not require the police to inform citizens they can freely withhold consent from the officer. However, the use of class probability in police investigations is correctly regarded with extreme suspicion, as it violates a basic principle of  justice: The legal system should treat all citizens equally, until there is specific, credible evidence that they have committed a crime. In the case that was discussed, we can say that the odds that any particular young black or Hispanic man will be hassled by the police are much higher than for a white man who, aside from his race, is demographically indistinguishable from him. These minority men, no matter how law-abiding they are, know that they will be investigated by the police significantly more often than other citizens who are not members of their racial group. It did not take long for those in law enforcement to conclude that their best pull would come from seizing goods from who lack the resources to win them back. In one highly publicized case that occurred in 1991,federal authorities at the Nashville airport took more than $9,000 in cash from Willie Jones, a black landscaper who was flying to Houston in order to purchase shrubs. According to the police, that money could have  been used to purchase drugs. After spending thousands of dollars and two years on the case, the landscaper was able to convince the courts to return most of the seized cash. (Jhon Cohen, 2000). Sam Thach, a Vietnamese immigrant, found himself in a similar situation last year. He was relieved of $147,000 by the DEA while traveling on Amtrak. Thach was investigated because the details of his ticket purchase, which Amtrak shared with the DEA, fit the profile of a drug courier. He was not charged with any crime and is now fighting to retrieve his money in federal court. (Gene Callahen Online). Some racial profiling defenders agree that the drug war bears a large part of the blame for racial profiling. Many of the stop-and-search cases that brought this matter into the headlines were part of the so-called war on drugs, (Gene Callahan Online). He contends that even if drugs were legalized tomorrow, the practice would continue. If we really wish to end the scourge of racial profiling, we must address its roots: drug laws that encourage police to consider members of broad groups as probable criminals. We must redirect law enforcement toward solving specific, known crimes using the particular evidence available to them about that crime. Whatever ones opinion on drug legalization may be, its easy to agree that the state of seizure law in America is reprehensible, even given last years minor federal reforms. It should be obvious that theres something nutty about a legal system that assumes suspects in murder, robbery, and rape cases are innocent until a trial proves otherwise, but assumes that a landscaper carrying some cash is guilty of drug trafficking. Work Cited Arrest the racism. David A Harris. On-Line, Dec4th, 2001 http://www.aclu.org/profiling/report/index.html American Renaissance (1999). Nov.25 2001 Heather Mac Donald. Myth of racial profiling, On-Line, Dec.4th, 2001 http://www.city-journal.org/html/11_2_the_myth.html Is Jim Crow alive and well in America today. American Civil Liberties Union/ Freedom Network. On-Line, Dec4th, 2001. http://www.aclu.org/profiling Jhon D. Cohen End of Racial Profiling Copyright 1999 Recruits Still Low, Randy Diamond, The Bergen Record. On-Line Dec. 4th, 2001. http://www.bergen.com/news/recruitr200008237.htm. Roots of Racial PROFILING, Gene Callahan and William Anderson. http://reason.com/0108/fe.gc.the.shtml Supt. Williams Sues NJ for Race Bias, Wendy Ruderman, New Jersey On-Line Dec.4th, 2001. http://www.nj.com/news/times/stories/10-ukbbfqsb.html Fired State Police

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Michael McClain Mrs. Baringer Honors World Lit 16 December 2013 Gender Roles For Hamlet Act 1 King Claudius- "'Tis sweet and commendable in your nature, Hamlet, To give these mourning duties to your father: [†¦] but to persever In obstinate condolement is a course Of impious stubbornness; 'tis unmanly grief; It shows a will most incorrect to heaven, A heart unfortified, a mind impatient, An understanding simple and unschool'd." (1.2.290-300) Plot Context: King Claudius is talking about Hamlet mourning the death of his father still. His mother Gertrude says she also still misses her husband but you have to move on. Analysis: In this quote, Claudius is saying that Hamlet needs to stop complaining about his father's death. That mourning for this long is very unmanly. He is basically saying that everyone else is happy why can't you be happy. Act 1 Hamlet-" That it should come to this! But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two: So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth! Must I remember? why, she would hang on him, As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on: and yet, within a month— Let me not think on't—Frailty, thy name is woman!—"(1.2.341-350) Plot Context: In this part of the story Hamlet is very upset with his mother. His mom has just gotten married to his uncle 2 months after his father's death. In the speech he is talking about losing faith in woman especially his mother. Analysis: In this he is talking about all his mother wanted was to have a man in her life. She is so weak that she couldn’t go 2 months without a man. He says that her "appetite" has grown and she needs to feed on so... ...easty collection, which carries them through and through the most fond and winnowed opinions; and do but blow them to their trial, the bubbles are out. (181-188) Plot Context: Hamlet it talking to Horatio about the duel that will happen. He also makes about Laertes is not ready for the duel. Analysis: In the quote Hamlet is talking about praised and he isn’t ready. Men have cockiness and don’t know what’s really going to happen. He is going to lose because he isn’t prepared. Act 5 GERTRUDE: He’s fat, and scant of breath.— Here, Hamlet, take my napkin, rub thy brows. The queen carouses to thy fortune, Hamlet. (5.2.281-283) Plot Context: Hamlet is dueling Laertes and is winning. He strikes Laertes again and Gertrude comes out with wine and a rag. Analysis: Gertrude is playing the common role of a caring mother. She wants her boy to win and do well so she comes out

Best Practices and the SDLC

It has long been accepted that constant change is fundamental to IT. While most IT managers understand that change is part of the norm, the organizations that employ them often resist it. Successful IT development calls for having a clear blueprint for proper IT direction of an organization. By using a System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model and sound best practice methods, an IT manager can define that blueprint and make the best possible IT decisions. According to http://www. bigpedia. comthe SDLC relates to models or methodologies that people use to develop systems, generally computer systems.A number of SDLC models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, and rapid prototyping. There is not a definitive correct model, but most models will include the following steps or at least a variation. The first step is the projects planning stage, in this stage the project manager (PM) decides which SDLC model to use. The PM will also survey and gather information i n regards to the current team’s skill and experience, any concerns or issues perceived by upper management, such as cost, and a process for following up the work agreement. The next step is the analysis of the system.During the system analysis the PM breaks down the entire project in to small pieces and assigns each department their applicable tasks. This step is where the plan is finalized and the PM begins to move onto the systems design. Understanding the systems design is essential to developing the system. At this step, each department head devises a plan on how their section can help develop the system. In the third step, the architectural design, these individual plans are spliced together to form the completed plan. Also during this step the work of building the system takes place.The PM’s focus shifts from planning the project to managing the development of the project. During the next step, the testing of the system takes place. This will ensure that all the bugs and flaws are removed before the deployment of the system. During the deployment step the system is used for its intended purpose. As with all systems the final step, is the maintenance of the system, which last for as long as the system is used. During this step, routine maintenance is performed to include updates. Either during or after the development of a system, certain methods or techniques are discovered to be better than other nes. In the IT industry, these ideas are sometimes called best practices. In a book titled â€Å"Electronic Government† by Jack Rabin best practices are described as an idea that suggests that there is a technique, method, or process that is more effective at delivering a desired outcome. The idea is that with proper processes, procedures, and testing, a desired outcome can be delivered with fewer problems. Best practices can also be defined as the most proficient and effective way of accomplishing a task, based on principles used repeatedl y by numerous people.Best practices are a way for a company to create standardization within their operating procedures. A great example of a best practice was displayed by Sprint recently. In August of 2008, Sprint created a guide to the infrastructure management layer to automate and speed the production of resources from within their data centers. By creating this guide, they were able to quickly manage, back up, and produce their data sets associated with each test environment build. As a result, Sprint has improved customer satisfaction, reducing the time it takes to fill requests.Another example of a best practice was in 2004 the Air Force decided that it need it network administrators (admins) to pass quality checks before allowing them to operate on Air Force domains. Each Air Force base decided to test their network admins differently. This created a lot of confusion and large amounts of money for each Air Force base because they acted independently. Therefore, the Air Forc e decided to open a best practice suggestion program, which allowed each Air Force base to submit their procedures for quality checking their network admins.Less than six months after the process started, the best practice tag was awarded to Eglin Air Force Base in Fort Walton Beach, Fl. They were allowed to implement their procedures Air Force wide. In the end, Eglin saved the Air Force six million dollars with its best practice procedures. As the term best practice has become more popular, some organizations have begun using best practices to refer to what are in fact rules, causing creativity to hamper. This will never be the case with Google.Google believes that giving their employees freedom to move about the company without middle management following them around has actually prompted creativity. In a interview with CBS News Sunday Morning, Google CEO Sergey Brin explained that Google provides free gourmet breakfast, lunch and dinner—all prepared by gourmet chefs. They get free medical care, daycare, and there is even a massage chair in the lobby. All of these benefits spur creativity, which has made Google one of the World Wide Web pioneers.Google does not use best practice because they are too rigid and do not allow employees to â€Å"think outside the box†. Some best practices are needed though. This was the case with Microsoft and Netscape. They used a synchronize and stabilize method created by David Yoffie and Michael Cusumano to orchestrate a massive overseeing and managing of source code. This method allowed the two corporations to work efficiently in a parallel. During their research, they found that both companies were doing very similar tasks nightly.By creating a best practice model both companies could use they reduced production time by 15 %. Best practices along with the SDLC can help lay a great foundation for IT development. There are no set rules or guidelines for IT development. However, there is a certain structure that most successful IT projects have in common. The first step to planning a good IT project is the project selection. During this process the PM must analyze if there is a need for the system. Does someone already have a system similar that the team could use or buy?After this step if the justification for the system is still necessary, then the team must move onto the next step, which is the planning of project controls. According to the paper Indentifying Best Practices in Information Technology Project Management, project controls are defined as an estimate, estimating, and budgeting. The estimate considers how many resources are needed to accomplish this project, the act of estimating is combining the results of post project reviews, metrics, consultation, and informed assessment to arrive at time and resource requirements for an activity, and budgeting is the total cost of the project.Following this evaluation, you should assemble the team. It is important to compile a team that w ill be effective to the specific project. The team must understand the project goals and expectations. The next step is accessing the stakeholder’s involvement in the project. The stakeholder can be anyone from the management of the company to an actual customer. Some stakeholders will want as much control as the PM while other, will be hands off allowing the PM to make all the decisions.These guidelines are not all inclusive but they are a start to developing a successful IT project. Designing a good IT development project takes time and an excellent PM. There are many good models to follow, like the Arkansas best practices model. These models give a small or unorganized company the structure it needs to develop a good plan. If you follows these models along with a good SDLC you will be well on your way to creating a solid project. These two models can lay the foundation you need for a successful blueprint.

Essay on Computer Innovation - 1247 Words

Computers are changing the world as we know it, and they offer an exciting new way of working. The news represented a complete turnaround for the corporate giant. Microsoft Chairperson, Bill Gates publicly announced his companys new connection to the Internet. The announcement rang through the nation. Gates has consistently ignored the Internet in favor of desktop computing. So, with Microsofts approval, computers kicked into even higher gear . The pace of innovation continues to astonish even those involved from the start. If one wants to find enthusiasm, intellect, hard work, and imagination; then computers is the place to be . Computer engineers build and design computers and computer-related media†¦show more content†¦High-school students fill out college applications and submit them with a click of a mouse. There are chat rooms and news groups for everything imaginable. Books, watches, recordings, clothes, shoes, crafts and vacations are sold over Internet. Even churche s rage their members to log on for their latest news. Last year, new technology made it possible for millions of Internet users to listen to speeches or traditional radio programs on their computers. That is, thanks to RealAudio, a technology which converts radio into digital sound. If that werent enough, video broadcasts and video-conferencing are being done over the Internet rather than by traditional means . The newest versions of web browsers allow people all over the world to hold video-conferences and do other tasks simultaneously. Businesses worldwide have learned to take advantage of the technology and have begun to work 24 hours a day. Work started in the far east can be sent west and onward before the sun sets. As with any new industry, the first job holders gained the most advantage. In its beginning, computer engineering welcomed anyone who was smart and eager to learn. People taught themselves the skills needed to create web pages. They came to computer engineering with degrees in physics, English, marketing, biology, journalism, graphic design and maybe computer science. They might have had experience working in television production or as aShow MoreRelatedComputer Is The Best Innovation1834 Words   |  8 PagesComputers is the best innovation, which be connected from various perspectives fields such as mechanical, hardware, apply autonomy and so on. Machine helps individuals and make their life simpler and their movement more beneficial, however there has showed up an issue of the machine compulsion or reliance, particularly among the youngsters. Computers are advantageous gadgets that a considerable lot of us utilize every day. Computers plays vital role of our lives, permitting us to telecommute, stayRead MoreEssay on Computer Science: Key for Modern Day Innovation985 Words   |  4 Pagesof innovation is said to be approaching an all-tome low point similar to the Dark Ages, that is, zero. However, there is a large border between innovation in the past and innovation today. This is because major branches of technology have already been discovered. One example of a major branch of technology is ICT. Consequently, Computer Science and the Internet could revolutionize the modern world and make tasks, known as difficult beforehand, simpler and could potentially increase innovation rateRead MoreWearable Computers Are The Greatest Innovation Of Science1171 Words   |  5 Pages Wearable Computers Wearable computers are one of the greatest innovation of science. Wearable computers are also called body-borne computers. It can be fitted on wrist, eyes or under the clothes. Its aim is to measure the human movements. When wearable computer attached to human body it records the experience faced by a human. Wearable computer s main features are consistency and ability to multi task. It starts in 1800s, timepiece the first wearable was made byRead MoreInnovation and Changes1014 Words   |  5 PagesNow a day, innovation and change is very important for organizations. Innovation and change are applied in many companies in the world. Innovation is a successful implementation of creative ideas in organization to improve products and services. Change is a difference in the form, quality or condition of an organization over time (Williams amp; McWilliams 2010). The purpose of this essay is to explain us the compare (differences) and contrast (similarities) between innovation and change. This isRead MorePositive and Negative Impacts of the Internet on Education.1634 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are as many definitions of innovation as the number of supposed experts on the field around the world. Reading through my books and papers, though, I realized that I had no comprehensive list of the many definitions I have ever being in contact with, therefore I decided to create one. First of all, here is my own definition of innovation: â€Å"invention refers to new concepts or products that derive from individual’s ideas or from scientific research. Innovation, on the other hand, is the commercializationRead MoreTechnology And Society : Technology888 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrate both how technology shapes culture and society and how society can affect future technology. This can be seen by examining a few of the major technological innovations in human history followed by a look at a new technology and how it may shape future society. The Microwave One of the most life changing technological innovations is the microwave oven. Invented by accident in 1946 by Dr. Percy LeBaron Spencer, the microwave oven was originally received poorly like many other new forms of technologyRead MoreHow Electricity And Telephone Changed The Way Of Communication907 Words   |  4 Pagesany privacy â€Å"That intimate family secrets would be displayed to the world by new instruments of communication was posed a series of uncomfortable dilemma.† (Marvin, 1988, p.68) I can relate to this because this is similar to the telephone, and computer privacy issues we face today. The author discusses in a great length how women played a key role in using the telephone more than men. Women used the phone for gossip, finding a husband, plan family activities, and entertainment purposes. TheRead MoreTechnology in Life775 Words   |  3 Pagessituation negative effects for work and its make more negative effects for health. Entitled the future of technology in Oman: where from here? KOMs final seminar of the year will be delivered by professor Thomas Anderson ,senior, technology and innovation policy at the newly-launched research council. never before in history has there been so fast and potentially change in the way human beings communicate, collaborate and organize their working life, and this is all due to the progressing developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The External Environment Of Business Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesgoods and services. Further it indicates how technological developments are relevant to public relations. Technology refers to the organisation of production as well as the actual techniques of production itself. Investment in technology and innovation is frequently seen as a key to the success of an enterprise and has been used to explain differences in the relative competitiveness of different countries. As Worthington and Britton point out: ‘the development of quartz watches, which allowedRead MoreEffects Of Internet Addiction On Children And Adolescents1682 Words   |  7 Pagesmaturity, when that technology is the norm. Already It offers no advantage because all have it but can offer some significant value for years or decades until it is replaced by the following new technology. This is characteristic of any technological innovation. In education, technology is dramatically changing the way people learn, but human nature will never change and the need to give children and youth a moral and education. Progress has made us see that now people do not progress by what you have

What Are CDs Made Of

A compact disc or CD is a form of digital media. It is an optical device which can be encoded with digital data. When you examine a CD you can tell it is mainly plastic. In fact, a CD is almost pure polycarbonate plastic. There is a spiral track molded into the top of the plastic. The surface of a CD is reflective because the disc is coated with a thin layer of aluminum or sometimes gold. The shiny metal layer reflects the laser that is used to read or write to the device. A layer of lacquer is spin-coated onto the CD to protect the metal. A label may be screen-printed or offset-printed onto the lacquer. Data is encoded by forming pits in the spiral track of the polycarbonate (though the pits appear as ridges from the perspective of the laser). A space between pits is called a land. A change from a pit to a land or a land to a pit is a 1 in binary data, while no-change is a 0. Scratches Are Worse on One Side than the Other Pits are closer to the label side of a CD, so a scratch or other damage on the label side is more likely to result in an error than one occurring on the clear side of the disc. A scratch on the clear side of the disc often can be repaired by polishing the disc or filling the scratch with a material with a similar refractive index. You basically have a ruined disc if the scratch occurs on the label side.

Age of Doubt In Europe in the 16th Century - 878 Words

In the 16th Century, Europeans had their faith shattered and were forced to realize that there was doubt in what they believed in. From the countless wars being fought in the name of religion, to the once great and wealthy countries that needed to reaffirm their place in the world, ‘all that they had once taken for granted was suddenly cast into doubt’ (446). Europeans were desperately searching for new foundations to put their faith in ‘in the face of intellectual, religious, and political challenges’ (446). This period is an example of the expression â€Å"Age of Doubt, Age of Uncertainty†. The wars going on throughout Europe through this era were claiming territories through conquest, marriage alliances, or inheritance agreements on the†¦show more content†¦With the help of alliances â€Å"William the Silent† made with France, Germany, and England, the Netherlands was divided up with Calvinism practiced in the north and Catholicism in the Spanish controlled South (432–433). Between 1618 and 1648, Cardinal Richelieu led the Thirty Years’ War against the Huguenots, with France against Austrian and Spain and with Germany getting the brunt of the casualties (434–437). An example of the viciousness of the attacks were described by author Hans Jakob Christoph von Grimmelshausen in his fictional memoir Siplicissimus (the Simpleton), where he illustrated how ‘each had his own device to torture the peasants, and each peasant had several tortures’ (435). This ended with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which left France in a powerful position in Europe, Germany and Austria losing not only in casualties but in the power structure of Europe, and Europe as a ‘checkerboard of Protestant and Catholic principalities’ (437). The price revolution in Europe was another contributing factor giving Europeans cause for concern. Europe’s population grew after the Black Plague, yet the growth of food remained constant, which led to higher food prices for the large demand. While the price of food increased, the rate of wages did not match the increase. Additional factors was the surplus of bullionsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Unraveling the Mystery of William Shakespeare582 Words   |  3 Pagesexactly what the Renaissance was. The original Italian word, ‘Rinascimento’, means ‘rebirth’ (Jonah Wilberg). This refers of course to the rebirth of learning. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spread all over Europe and was considered the division between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era (Fabio Castellan 3). During this movement literature was one of the many arts that took on an innovative form due to the new and awakened perspectives of man. However before the Renaissance, kno wn asRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe time of Shakespeare and his great works of literature was a great and prosperous historical time, with much of Europe prospering not only theologically but also economically. However, one of Shakespeare’s plays, Macbeth, brings light to a major and critical aspect of the 16th century that greatly affected life at the time. The story of Macbeth is a tragic play written by Shakespeare in which the fatal flaw of Macbeth is his relentless ambition to be king. This ambition is not only fueled by hisRead MoreThe Impact Of Ecological And Climate Change On Europe1614 Words   |  7 PagesWhat was the impact of ecological and climate change on Europe between c.1500 and c.1650? Early Modern Europe started at the beginning of the 15th century and is a period which characterized by prodigious discoveries and inventions. 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The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people of Europe in the formRead MoreThe Black Death s Effects On Europe1454 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Black Death had monumental, long lasting effects that would ultimately change the fate of the entire continent of Europe. The mid-1300s in Europe were part of the Dark Ages. Human populations were near over-crowding, and the land was stretched to produce food. Mother Nature created a drastic solution. The world lifted a bleak shadow of death and chaos over the people of Europe in the form of plague. It originated from fleas, but rats carried the fleas with this plague across seaward trading ro utesRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages Black Death, epidemic of plague which ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century. Various forms of plague were known in the civilized world since ancient times. Greek and Roman historians described outbreaks of an epidemic disease which were sudden and deadly: at Constantinople in the 6th century AD, for example, as much as half the population may have been killed. The outbreak which reached Europe from China in 1347, and spread rapidly and with disastrous resultsRead MoreDevil Take the Hindmost by Edward Chancellor: How the Book Shaped the Western World1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe darkness of the Dark Ages is probably the result of spreading of the light by the church. It was 13th century Venice that resurrected the capitalistic system. The city government started selling off government securities (probably to fund the mercenaries it employed to protect itself). Laws were passed to stop insider trading and the depressing of security prices by rumour. Shares in the tax farms were again traded. By the 15th century the great fairs of Northern Europe had trading in mining shares

Activity Based Costing Service Industries - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Activity Based Costing Service Industries? Answer: Introduction Time-driven Activity-based costing methodology is an advanced system of the Activity-based costing method. Traditional ABC method is one of the popular methods in business writing and management circles. Though, this method is time-consuming and costly for the company to implement this method in an organisation. Kaplan and Anderson decided to bring the improvement in the process which is now known as Time-driven Activity-based costing. The report will provide the description related to the concept along with its features. The company that has been selected for the analysis is Brigham and Womens hospital. The report talks about the operations and the working of the company along with that how this method is suitable for the company. This method is different from traditional costing system and with the Activity-based costing approach which is discussed in the report. Overview of company Brigham Health is a world-wide leader that devote to sustaining and restoring well-being for people across the world. The company is consists of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Women's Physicians Organization, and Women's Faulkner Hospital. BWH is an international leader which is contributing to the improvements in the lives of the world. This hospital is also known as one of the foremost training hospitals of HMS (Harvard Medical School). Thus, the company has the legacy of superiority to continue to rise year after year. BWH consist of the 150 outpatients practices with more than 1,200 medical doctors. The company attends patients from New England all the way through the US with 120 countries globally (Brigham and Womens Hospital, 2016). The company has the culture of research and innovation that emphasis on the business practices. BWH emphasis on the development of new and innovative methods to keep the people in optimal health and fight diseases that might threaten their well-being. The company provide the access to the education, information and care through numerous places that consist of the national and international affiliates. BWH is dedicated to offers the highest-quality, family and patient-centered care. The company is an established supporter of Partners Healthcare systems which is one of the greatest prominent incorporated delivery structures in the United States (Partners Healthcare, 2017). The company financed approximately $4.45 million to upkeep community-led health equity hard work that takes place in the 5 important neighborhoods that include Mattapan, Mission Hill, Dorchester, Roxbury and Jamaica Plain. BWH is known for its specialty in vascular and heart care, neurosurgical and neurologic care, cancer care, arthritis and orthopedic treatment, women's health and the virtually every single other area of adult medicine. BWH is a second leading NIH-financed healthcare center in the nation. The hospital was the first hospital that developed the (CPOE) computerized physician order entry to prevent any kind of the medication errors and now there is an accepted safety practice national and international (Harvard Medical School, 2018). Mission The mission of the Brigham and womens hospital is to work for the requirements of the global and native community by delivering the maximum quality healthcare to families and patients. Through research, the company is trying to expand the restrictions of Healthcare. The companys mission is to coach the next generations of health care experts (Brigham and Womens Hospital, 2016). Vision The vision of the Brigham and Womens Hospital desires to convert the upcoming years of the healthcare through science, research, training and kind-hearted care within the borders and across the world (Brigham and Womens Hospital, 2016). Values of company Brigham health believes that values are that set belief that guides the decisions and behaviors over time (Brigham and Womens Hospital, 2016). The values that the company has includes- Integrity Collaboration Inclusion Professionalism Empathy TDABC (Time-Driven Activity- Based Costing) TDABC method is New Activity-Based costing method which was presented after the improvement in the traditional ABC method. According to Kaplan and Anderson, this is a method on of the simplest method that has the ability to measure accurately the cost to a more targeted level. This method removes the requirement of the interviews and survey that save the time of the managers of the company and they can utilize this time in other activities (Kaplan, and Anderson, 2017). Time-driven ABC method reduces the volume of the data required. This method required the estimations of two things which include: - The applied volume of committed resources and their cost Unit times for carrying out the transactional activities The time-driven ABC needs fewer resources and time to apply the approach in the organization. It only takes two employees of the company for two days per method that helps the company to load, validate, calculate and report finding and the employees can spend their rest of time in maintaining and organizing the TDABC (Ozyurek and Din, 2014). Thus, this method is more effective than the traditional ABC method because in that method there is need of the ten-person team who spend more than 3 weeks to maintain or track the records in ABC model. This method is an accurate time-based algorithm that works as a template and this method is easy to apply for the companies along with that they can customize this method to other plants or event to other companies in the field of the manufacturing and service industry (Gervais, Levant, and Ducrocq, 2010). Time equation The time equation makes simpler the prediction process and provide as far more accurate cost model that was not possible with the implementation of the traditional ABC techniques. Nowadays, many companies started making the use of the ERP systems that already store data on order, distribution, packaging and other characteristics which makes it simpler to implement (Gervais, Levant, and Ducrocq, 2010). The order and the transaction specific data helps the time equation to simply calculate the time required to complete the particular order or activity. TDABC models expand linearly with variations by adding a term in a time equation. This is the best way for the companies to capture the complexities of the business (Szychta, 2010). Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Features This method provides a true picture to the suppliers for the cost of the products and services offering so that they can better decide on services and prices, make outsource to more specialized companies. TDABC allows the managers of the manufacturing and service companies to enhance their capabilities of budgeting as with the implementation of this method the managers will be able to identify the accurate resource necessity to fulfill the firms purposes; overheads are appropriately allocated to cost objects (Anti? and Georgijevski, 2010). This method is helpful for the companies who want to keep the record of the activities and the use of the resources within the organization. This method is one of an essential and financial method for the large service-oriented organization as the implementation of this approach will help the company in achieving the complexity and better accuracy (Dejnega, 2011). Difference between TDABC and Activity- Based Costing and Traditional costing system TDABC and Activity- Based Costing Activity- Based Costing Time-driven Activity-Based Costing This method is one of the difficult methods to implement and maintain because in this method the companies need to obtain information through interviews (Adioti, and Valverde, 2013). This method was introduced to simplify the Activity-Based Costing method by using the time to drive the volume cost rate. This process eliminates the requirement of the interview or surveys. ABC permits the firms to appropriately assign overhead costs to products and services. TDABC permits the companies to have improved cost visibility across service types, customer groups, and service operations practices. ABC method has the problem of not providing the accuracy of the redundant resources as it normally practices the proportion of the resources that have been used for each activity bases. Time-driven ABC method makes use of the aggregation of time for each activity due to which this method is able to provide more accuracy as compared to the Activity-based costing method. TDABC and Traditional costing system Traditional costing system Time-driven Activity-Based Costing Traditional costing method mostly helps the companies in identifying the overheads cost by dividing cost crossways products that are based on the predicted ratio of resources which include machine time and the space engaged. TDABC method provides better cost visibility across service types, customer groups, and the service operations processes. In this method, the overheads allocated are generally not accurate due to which the companies mostly get the inappropriate anticipations of the costs. The problem of the cots allocation was fixed with the introduction of the ABC (Activity-Based costing). The improvement in the estimation was possible with the TDABC method as this method provides the accuracy related to the anticipations of the costs (Adioti, and Valverde, 2013). Suitability of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing for firm The implementation of the TDABC (Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing) methodology is suitable for the Brigham and Womens Hospital as it helps in understanding the compound non-operating room setting of the endoscopy center for the objective of upgrading resource managing and practicing care proposal. The reorganization of the resources can help the hospital in decreasing the waiting times (from approximately 3months to 3 weeks) with this the company will be able to save up to $ 102,000 per year and will enhance the ease of use of the preoperative clinic to an emphasis on greater-risk medical patients. The Brigham and Womens Hospital can implement the time-driven Activity-based accounting in the main hospital and in its ambulatory site (Morris, et.al, 2017). TDABC is an innovative approach that is suitable for the compound health care system in regards to enhancing the resource value and allocation with the help of organization cost and process information. The implementation of TDABC can take place in non-operating room surroundings. Thus, health care can implement this costing system because hospitals are often not well organized as it involves medical disciplines and multiple locations (Morris, et.al, 2017). The endoscopy suite is one of the non-OR surroundings in which the requirement for anesthesiology services is rising due to increase in the number of patients and complication in the procedure. Hence, the increased demand will enhance the waiting times of patients and to reduce that waiting time TDABC is one of the effective tools. Therefore, the Time-driven ABC is suitable for the healthcare. The implementation of the TDABC method will help the healthcare updating the model of operating state of affairs which include fluctuating a proportion of volume of patients who are getting anaesthesiologist- administered sedation from the foremost hospital to the ambulatory site acknowledge the extended waiting list, enhance resource consumptions and last but not least built a monetary case to validate such changes (Morris, et.al, 2017). The implementation of the TDABC in BWH effects the hiring of a additional triage nurse to support the medical screening with the medical screening and triage of the patients available in the hospital before the process. This change will lead to the net saving of approximately $15,000 (Morris, et.al, 2017). Conclusion Time-Driven ABC method is one of the best methods for the multinational manufacturing and services companies as with the help of this method they can easily analyze the cost of the complex business activities of the company. The suitability of TDABC for Brigham and Womens Hospital is discussed in the report. The implementation of the TDABC in the hospital is essential as this method will save the time as well as the cost of the Brigham and Womens Hospital. They can utilize their time by devoting their time for the treatment of the other patients. Moreover, the report shows the detailed description of the concept, its features and the difference between the TDABC and Activity- Based Costing and Traditional costing system. References Adioti, A.A. and Valverde, R., 2013. Time-driven activity based costing for the improvement of it service operations.International Journal of Business and Management,9(1), p.109. Anti?, L. and Georgijevski, M., 2010. 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